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Interstitial Lung Disease

Interstitial Lung Disease - What it is

Interstitial Lung Disease (ILD) is a term encompassing a diverse group of disorders that cause inflammation and scarring (fibrosis) in the lungs, resulting in stiffness and difficulty breathing.

Interstitial Lung Disease - Symptoms

  • ​Shortness of breath 
  • Cough 
  • Decreased exercise tolerance 
  • Fatigue 
  • Weight loss

Interstitial Lung Disease - Causes and Risk Factors

Various factors can cause ILDs, these include: 
  • Autoimmune diseases (conditions which involve the immune system harming the body) such as systemic sclerosis, rheumatoid arthritis
  • Environmental and occupational exposures to different toxins or pollutants like bird droppings, silica
  • Familial – the disease is hereditary (passed down the family tree) 
  • Idiopathic – the cause is currently unknown

Interstitial Lung Disease - Diagnosis

When ILD is suspected, diagnostic tests such as the following may be necessary:

  • X-rays
  • CT scans 
  • Pulmonary function tests
  • Specific blood investigations
  • Bronchoscopy
  • Surgical lung biopsy

Interstitial Lung Disease - Treatments

​Treatment for ILD depends on the underlying cause. 

Medications used may include:
  • Immunosuppressants such as Corticosteroids – this reduces the amount of inflammation in your lungs and the rest of your body
  • Anti fibrotics – this helps to slow the rate of scarring (fibrosis) and deterioration in your lungs

Non-medication treatments involve:

  • Pulmonary rehabilitation programme – helps strengthen breathing muscles and manage breathing difficulties. Structured and supervised exercise training with education, support and self-management strategies
  • Oxygen therapy – supplemental oxygen may improve activity levels. In some cases, patients may require long term oxygen therapy
  • Updated vaccinations against influenza and pneumococcus reduce the risk of
    infections which can worsen breathlessness and other symptoms

Interstitial Lung Disease - Other Information

​Regular follow-up with your doctor is crucial for monitoring compliance, treatment response, and managing potential side effects of medications. Your doctor will provide further guidance on treatment plans during consultations.

Download our leaflet to learn more about ILD:


The information provided is not intended as medical advice. Terms of use. Information provided by SingHealth

Our Care Team

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Jansen Koh Meng Kwang Adj Asst Prof

Adj Asst Prof Jansen Koh Meng Kwang

Head & Senior Consultant

MBBS, FRCP(Edin), EDIC, FCCP, FAMS

Clinical Interests: Intensive Care Medicine

Tay Tunn Ren Clin Asst Prof

Clin Asst Prof Tay Tunn Ren

Senior Consultant

​MBBS, MRCP (UK), FAMS

Clinical Interests: Intensive Care Medicine

Vijo Poulose  Clin Asst Prof

Clin Asst Prof Vijo Poulose

Senior Consultant

MBBS, Board Certified (USA) in Internal Medicine, FAMS (Singapore)

Clinical Interests: Intensive Care Medicine

Augustine Tee Adj Assoc Prof

Adj Assoc Prof Augustine Tee

Senior Consultant

​MBBS , MMed (Internal Med), FAMS, FCCP, FRCP (Edin), FRCP (Glasg)

Clinical Interests: Intensive Care Medicine

Choo  Xue Ning Clin Asst Prof

Clin Asst Prof Choo Xue Ning

Senior Consultant

M.B.B.S (Singapore), M.Med (Internal Medicine), M.R.C.P (UK)

Imran Bin Mohamed Noor Clin Asst Prof

Clin Asst Prof Imran Bin Mohamed Noor

Senior Consultant

MBBS, MRCP(UK), FCCP, FAMS

Clinical Interests: Intensive Care Medicine

Mok Yingjuan Clin Asst Prof

Clin Asst Prof Mok Yingjuan

Senior Consultant

MRCP(UK), MMed (S’pore), MBBS

Raghuram Jagadesan Assoc Prof

Assoc Prof Raghuram Jagadesan

Senior Consultant

MB BCh BAO (Dublin), FRCP (Glasg), FRCP (Edin), FCCP (USA) FAMS

Clinical Interests: Intensive Care Medicine

Anthony Yii Chau Ang  Clin Asst Prof

Clin Asst Prof Anthony Yii Chau Ang

Senior Consultant

BA, MB BChir, MA, MRCP(UK), MPH (United States)

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