BCG is given to all children around the world where TB is common. Although there has been a large reduction in TB rates in Singapore since the 1950s, it is still common. Globally, a third of the world’s population is estimated to be infected with TB.

The BCG vaccine contains a weakened form of live bacteria related to TB. The administration of the vaccine makes the body’s immune system produce antibodies to fight TB. The administration is in levels that do not cause the disease.

For most children, the ulcer heals on its own. There is NO NEED to apply elastoplast, ointment or powder on it. Sterile gauze can be applied if there is a lot of pus discharge. The gauze should be light and allow fluids to pass through easily. By the 12th week, healing is usually complete and a small permanent scar may be left as evidence of BCG vaccination.

In rare circumstances, however, BCG vaccination can lead to complications. In approximately one in 1,000 babies, it leads to the development of either:

If the above occurs, you should take the baby to a doctor for further medical advice. The most severe form is widespread or “disseminated” BCG which occurs in around one out of 100,000 children who have an underlying defect in their immune systems (the body’s defence against infections). These children often have an ulcer that does not heal and/or lymph node enlargement together with enlargement of the liver and spleen. These children should be brought to specialist centres such as KK Women’s and Children’s Hospital (KKH), for further medical care.