Ankle Sprains

A lateral ligament injury typically involves a sprain or tear of one or more ligaments on the outer side of the ankle. The lateral ligaments, comprising three bands, are collectively known as the lateral ligament complex and are crucial for providing stability to the lateral aspect of the ankle joint.

Causes and Risk Factors:
Overstretching of the lateral ligaments
Sports participation
Navigating uneven surfaces
Previous ankle injuries
Poor physical conditioning
Inappropriate footwear

Signs and Symptoms:
Pain on the outer and front part of the ankle
Audible snap, crack, or tear at the time of injury
Swelling around the outer and front part of the ankle
Difficulty walking due to pain
Sensation of ankle weakness
Bruising that may extend up the leg and down to the toes

Diagnosis:
Thorough history and physical examination
Imaging studies, including X-ray, ultrasound, MRI, and CT scans

Treatment may include:
Apply immediate first aid for ankle sprains - RICE
Rest: Avoiding activity or sport and limiting weight-bearing on the affected ankle.
Ice: Applying ice to the injury for 15 to 20 minutes every 1 to 2 hours, ideally using crushed ice wrapped in a moist cloth or towel.
Compression: Using an elastic bandage around the injured ankle to reduce swelling.
Elevation: Keeping the injured ankle elevated above heart level, using a chair or pillows for support.

Specific Exercises: Gradual return to full activity by restoring full range of motion, strengthening the muscles around the ankle, and improving proprioception.
Strapping, Bracing, and Taping: Utilising these methods along with other preventive measures to support the ankle during recovery.

It is important to protect the injured ankle by taping or an ankle support. During the rehabilitation phase, tape can also be used to protect the joint and give proprioceptive feedback to the ankle without risking further injury. With partial weight bearing, an ankle support or taping method can protect the lateral ligaments (allowing them to rest) and at the same time, ensures forwards and backwards motion is allowed keeping the rest of the joint healthy.